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Nei Jia Internal Kung Fu

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Chen Style Taijiquan (Tai Chi Chuan) Part 2:
The Development of Modern Chen style


by Gerald A. Sharp

 

Animated Image: Gerald A. Sharp demonstrates a Chen Style "Shake Leg, Stretch Down" defense against a tackle.

 

Taijiquan (T'ai Chi Ch'uan) is a branch of the traditional internal martial arts (or Nei Jia Kung Fu) that spread widely in China over 300 years ago at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty. It became very popular starting around 1911 in Beijing. Stories abound about how this martial art we now call Taichichuan may have developed around the eighth century.

Chen Style pg 1 2 3 Yang Style pg 1 2 3 4 Wu Style pg 1 2 Tai Chi Chuan Origin Introduction to Tai Chi
Neijia kungfu Overview Wu style Qi Gung pg 1 2 Push Hands - Tui Shou Yiquan Teacher Ma Yueh Liang
Application Comparison Chin Na Applications Pa Kua Mother Palms Hebei Hsing I - 12 Animals Wu Tai Chi 13 Methods

 

According to research of historical records conducted by Gu Liu Xin, during the mid 1500's Qi Jiguang developed a set known as 32 forms of boxing. Today sets of 80, 108 or more forms typically refer to the number of individual postures. The numbering of 32 forms in Qi's set probably had a different meaning from the one we use today. Often these older sets had one name for an entire section or set. Like the Chen set, Qi Jiguang's set started with Lazily Belting the Clothes and Single Whip. Qi Jiguang supposedly took the forms and knowledge of 16 different martial arts schools to develop this Mother form.

 

Modern Chen style Taijiquan

Continued From Chen style Tai Chi Chuan Part 1 and continued on Chen style Part 3.

chen hands

1. Chen Fake - Chen style goes to Beijing

Chen Fake, a seventeenth generation family practitioner, and ninth generation stylist from Chen Wangting, is recognized as one of the greatest practitioners of his family's style in the 20th century. Chen Fake (pronounced: Fah Ke) brought the Chen family style of Taiji out of the closet as it were, and into mainstream martial arts when he went to Beijing in 1928. Although, Taijiquan had already went public in 1911, thanks to Yang Luchan, Yang Shouhao, Yang Chenfu, and Wu Jianquan.

Chen Fake was initially regarded as something of a novelty in Beijing, because he was both a Chen family member and practiced the style that greatly influenced the publicly known styles' development. It was soon clear that he was much more than a mere novelty. By all accounts, Chen Fake possessed superior skills.

In my opinion, those who claim to be his students, or students of his students, seem to miss even some of the most obvious aspects of Chen Fake's practice. This is exemplified by the subtle movements in his joints, especially in the extension of his elbow. Many of the practitioners who follow Chen Fake's lineage demonstrate constantly bent (and unbending) elbows that do not penetrate or twist with power whatsoever. Instead, they rely on tricks or force to carry forth some overt resemblance of power. Tricks and strength that can be rendered useless by those who use the true internal approach or possess an iron shirt (or fortress of steel within stillness).

2. Gathering Energy and Emitting Force

The photos of Grandmaster Fake plainly show his extension, yet the focus since Chen Fake (and Chen Zhaokwei for that matter) has been on how they gathered up energy. Usually this is presented as energy being moved from the lower dantian and emitted out through the fingers. The point "out through the fingers" raises immediate problems from my perspective. It seems these modern day practitioners focus on what they can emit rather than on what they can gather and circulate. It further misplaces the focus on the lower dantian or the waist "leading" all movements and ignores the hands and feet which are usually positioned to lead. The true interpretation of the admonition in the Taichichuan classic of keeping the waist at the "center" of all movements is lost when the waist leads and the central equilibrium is not maintained.

chen fa ke

Picture: Chen Fake (Blue Dragon Rises)

3. Chen Zhaokwei - Joint Power

chen zhaokwei

Picture : Chen Zhaokwei, "Lazy About Tying a Coat"

Chen Zhaokwei is widely recognized as one of the most gifted of the Chen family practitioners of the 20th century. Pictures and drawings of Chen Zhaokwei also demonstrate a strong center of gravity and further exemplifies the extension of the elbow when issuing power. Chen Style is not about showy, external power. (A recent periodical comes to mind which describes this showy version of Chen style as being the correct approach as being like a lion stalking their prey.)

Real Chen Style, (regardless of lineage) is about the power of softness. When the joints are soft and correctly positioned, the relaxed structure can provide the power instead of the muscles. One description is that the practitioner moves more like a peacock with no bones, not like a screaming rooster with their feet stamping, their cages shaking, and their eyes glaring. Such displays should be saved for the circus or theater. It is out of place in an art with the history and sophistication of Chen Style Taijiquan.

4. Feng Zhiqiang - Power in Softness

The greatest example of softness I've ever seen in Chen Style was demonstrated by Feng Zhiqiang, a famous student of Chen Fake. In 1982, Feng demonstrated his art with other Taiji masters outside of Shanghai in Jading. Feng's power was unbelievably concealed within the softness and resiliency of his joints. When he moved, the ground shook with what seemed like both primary and secondary seismic waves. (He gathered energy and used circulation not emission.) His body appeared to me to be as soft as jelly on the outside and as hard as a diamond on the inside. However, when a Chen family member, who also demonstrated in Jading that year moved, you it could see the force move and easily observe its origins. A definite difference in level and skill could be deduced. Feng Zhiqiang went on to demonstrate push hands and a variety of techniques with such deftness and softness, the power in what he did was clear. The reputation of Chen Style was enormously enhanced among the Taijiquan masters that were there for the demonstration. The one thing that is easy for the initiated to see is Feng's ability to extend and collapse his joints, especially the elbow, without the opponent being able to sense or detect Feng's sophisticated force. (This would not be the case if Feng moved from the waist first and shook in the way that some so-called master Chen Stylists do.)

feng zhiqiang

Picture of Feng Zhiqiang

5. More Top Chen Stylists

There are many other Chen Masters world-wide as skilled as Feng Zhiqiang. One such teacher is Chen Zhaokwei’s top student, Ma Hong. When he demonstrated in Handan City, Yongnian in 1993, I was amazed at his ability to emit jing and fa-jing from any posture at any time. This is contrary to what is usually demonstrated by even the most advanced Chen stylists: typically there are set places in the form where fa-jing is to be “performed.” Ma Hong has written a great amount of material on Chen Style, and his books are popular not only in China but around the world.  

6. Zhou Yuan Long

Zhou Yuan Long, who drew the now mass produced drawings of Chen Fake and his own teacher, Chen Zhaokwei, was also a skilled Chen stylist. Zhou made quite a splash when he was sponsored to visit San Francisco in the 1980's, and was photographed tossing his sponsor around Spreckles Lake in Golden Gate Park. His sponsor, trying to fend off embarrassment at one point, even tried to grab Zhou's silk suit at one point and twist the fabric around in an attempt to control him. Zhou used the "shaking off" energy which Chen style is famous for to send his sponsor reeling. Luckily Japanese reporters were on hand to both catch and capture the event that particular day. His daughter, Zhou Pei Feng, coauthored one of the most popular books on the Chen Style Sword with a top student of Chen Fake, Tian Xiuchen. She now resides and teaches in Japan.

zhou yuan long

Above: Gerald Sharp with Chen style teacher Zhou Yuan Long.

7. Mastering Chen Style

Below: The late Zhou Yuan Long (Who may be best known for his drawings of Chen Zhao Kwei, Chen Fake, Yang Cheng Fu, Wu Jianquan, Hao Shao Ru, Jiang Rong Qiao, and many others).

Mastering Chen Style Taijiquan requires a great deal of patience and fortitude. It's a mistake to think that once you sense the power of Taijiquan - and can harness and externalize it - that you are proficient in the style. It's an even greater mistake to discover Chan Su Jing, and because you can twist about, to think that you know the art of Chen Style Taijiquan. It is best to avoid learning versions of the style that were developed for competition and show, as they were developed for just that and are unlikely to provide the foundation for learning the adhering, soft, audible force central to this art.

8. Other Tai Chi Chuan Links on chiflow.com

Animated Image: Gerald A. Sharp demonstrates Chen Style's "Repulse the Monkey" to defend a rear attack.

 

 

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